https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24619 Thu 21 Oct 2021 12:46:03 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9797 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:10:03 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30943 3O₄, Na2CO3, NaOH, and KOH for production of phenolic-rich bio-oil was investigated. The effects of catalyst type, pyrolysis temperature, and biomass/catalyst ratio on product distribution and composition were studied. Among four catalysts tested, Na₂CO₃ significantly increased the selectivity of phenolic compounds in bio-oil during microwave pyrolysis. The highest phenolics concentration of 57.36% (area) was obtained at 500 °C and PT:Na₂CO₃ ratio of 8: 1. The catalytic effect to produce phenolic compounds among all the catalysts tested can be summarized in the order Na₂CO₃>Fe₃O₄>KOH>NaOH. Using KOH and NaOH as catalyst resulted in formation of bio-oil with enhanced higher heating value (HHV) and lower oxygen content, indicating that these catalysts enhanced the deoxygenation of bio-oil. The scanning-electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis of char particles showed the melting of magnetite and vaporizationcondensation of mineral salt catalysts on char particle, which was attributed to extremely high local temperatures during microwave heating.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24779 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25039 Eucalyptus pulverulenta (EP) was studied using a fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range of 300-500 °C and the bio-oil composition was analyzed by using a GC-MS. The results showed that the highest bio-oil yield of 38.45 wt% was obtained at 400 °C in the presence of Na₂CO₃, and the concentration of methoxyaromatics reached the maximum value of 63.4%(area) in the bio-oil. The major methoxyaromatics identified in bio-oil were guaiacol, syringol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy phenol, and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene. The analysis of gaseous products indicated that CO₂ was the major gas at low-temperatures and concentrations of H₂ and CH₄ increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Na₂CO₃ promoted the formation of methoxyaromatics, while NaOH seems to have enhanced the formation of phenolics. The mechanism of the formation of methoxyaromatics during pyrolysis of EP was proposed.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:47 AEDT ]]>